Today we reviewed translation and then talked about the videos you watched on Mutations and Protein Folding
HOMEWORK for tomorrow: Finish your electrophoresis lab
Mutations:
A change in the DNA sequence (Nucleotides or larger changes).
Can you identify the Fact or Fiction and explain?
¨ All mutations are bad…………………….¨ Mutations are a source of evolution…¨ Mutation can be silent……………………¨ Mutations only happen when DNA is exposed to things like radiation………………………..
What are the major types of mutation?
Point Mutations
Substitution - single nucleotide change
Insertion - a base pair is added in the sequence
Deletion - a base pair is removed from the sequence
Both insertion and deletion can also be large chunks put in or removed
Duplication - a large section of DNA on a chromosome is copied. Is this always bad? Can the new portion gain a new function (after a LARGE time frame)
Translocation - the transfer of a piece of one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome. Remember the two chromosomes involved typically exchange pieces.
Can you answer the questions below?
1. What is the difference between Substitution and Insertion? Duplication and Translocation?
2. What is a silent mutation?
3. How is mutation involved in evolution?
4. What disease did we discuss that is a change in only 1 nucleotide and is the mutation only bad or does it help?
5. When will a mutation be heritable?
Protein Folding:
Today we talked about how the order and type of the amino acid in a polypeptide determines the folding structure of the protein
What are the 4 levels of protein folding?
Primary - string of amino acids
Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
Tertiary - final protein folding (+/- aa come together, hydrophobic aa go on the inside, hydrophillic go on the inside)
Quaternary - multiple proteins fold/come together to form complexes
Here is a good website to try more protein folding
Types of amino acids:
1. Charged (+/-)
2. Polar vs. Nonpolar
3. Special Cases
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