Homework for Saturday Jan 26.

Please read pgs 634-647 in your textbook and answer the following questions.

1. Where does chemical digestion start?


2.  What are the 4 stages of food processing (digestion) in the order they happen?



3. What is the function of the liver?



4. Describe the results of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats




5. How does the structure of the small intestine match it's function?



6. Why are certain amino acids considered essential?




6.What is wrong with the following statement:
Digestion is completed in the large intestine.

We are starting the digestive system next week. Below is the CrashCourse Video on digestion for you to review when you choose.





Remember - we will work on our case studies on saturday, so please bring your laptops!

Exercise Physiology

Finally on Monday we talked about the physiological effects of exercise. This included

Stroke Volume

Tidal Volume

Return to resting heartrate

Resting heartrate

Muscle efficiency at O2 uptake

How does each of these change with exercise and conditioning?
Stroke Volume goes up
Tidal Volume goes up
Return goes down
Resting rate goes down
Muscle efficiency goes up
Muscle Mass goes up

How could we design an experiment to test changes in our circulatory system?
Ideas could include changes in:
Duration
Frequency
Intensity
Mode
Diet
Hydration

You must design an experiment to test one of these ideas.

Hypothesis (If..Then..Because)
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Controls
Constants
Replicates

Diseases in the Circulatory System

Today we also talked about diseases and problems affecting the circulatory system. One of the main problems are blockages in small arteries. These plaques (atherosclerosis)are formed usually with fat or cholesterol. The fat builds up due to small microtears forming in the vessels. These also cause increased blood pressure. These microtears build up fat, which in turn traps more fat resulting in a positive feedback loop. In the heart, this can cause Heart Disease. Microtears form when blood pressure is too high from dehydrated blood (not enough water), high salt, and other causes.

Some plaques lead to blockages/clots. The cells below the clot will not get any oxygen. In the heart this leads to dead heart tissue. Here is a Khan Video about plaques, clots, and heart attack.

Finishing up the circulatory system.

Homework: Create/Design your own experiment to test changes in the circulatory system using the tools we used for our vital signs lab.

Saturday and Monday we finished going over the circulatory system. We traced a blood cell from the nose and back again. Can you do this? Don't forget the different circuits - Pulmonary and Systemic. Could you identify what circuit it is by the blood concentrations?

We reviewed the differences between Arteries and Veins. Here is the Kahn Academy, along with one more,  video for you to review.





When talking about capillaries, we said they were 'leaky' and by osmosis (what is this?) Plasma (water) moves out due to higher BP, and the lower concentration of water in the interstitial fluid, at the arteriole end of the capillary. This causes the blood to be 'sludgy.' The lower BP and decreased concentration within the capillary near the venuole end means, water moves back in (about 85%- what happens to the other 15%?). Large molecules/cells don't move out of the capillary but some small proteins, hormones and other molecules do. Why?

We also went over Systole and Diastole again. Can you tell the difference? Here is the video we watched in class

Monday - more circulatory!

Homework: Case Study and NYT article (on slideshare at the bottom - you do not need to answer the questions yet.)


Today we focused on the parts of the blood and their structure/function.

Plasma - Liquid portion of the blood (made up of water). Carries O2, CO2, nutrients (one such nutrient is glucose), hormones (chemical messengers), waste, viruses. Function: flow through out the body bringing needed components to all parts of the body. Transport

Red Blood Cells. - No nuclei, round and smooth. Dipped in the middle. Function - transport O2 which sits on the cell. Dip increases surface area. O2 is attracted to Iron in RBCs

White Blood Cells - round when not working, changes shape to 'engulf' and 'kill' off things like bacteria/viruses. Function - fight infection.

Platelets - Parts of cells used for clotting.

Below is a video that discusses the parts of blood. Remember to be able to tell me where things are coming from or going to when diffusing into/out of the blood stream.

Homework  

Saturday... histograms and circulation..oh my!

Homework!: Review/Revisit your post lab and work on your Case Study!!!

Today we reviewed how to do your lab and the histograms involved. Below is a video explaining histograms. While we've not done "frequency tables" it might be helpful for you to make one (or several) when you revisit your lab.





We also finished our loop around the circulatory system.

From the Aorta we move to the systemic arteries to systemic arterioles (even smaller) to systemic capillaries (this is where what happens?). Capillaries are very small and numerous so they can reach every cell and gas exchange can occur.

In Systemic Capillaries, what then moves into the blood from cells? Blood then flows into venuoles (small veins) then into veins (lower pressure than arteries, thinner, less muscle) then into the largest veins (the Inferior or Superior Vena Cava - what is the difference?). From the vena cava, blood (is it deoxgenated still?) moves into the Right Atrium ( small, some muscle), contracts to move blood through a valve (what does the valve do?) and along with gravity moves blood into the Right Ventricle (larger, Very muscular, but still less than the Left Ventricle). The Right ventricle pumps deoxgenated blood into the Pulmonary Arteries (why arteries?) into the lungs (via p. arterioles -> p. capillaries) where gas exchange occurs. What gases move in what direction? This blood then moves into the Pulmonary Veins (why veins?) and then into the Left Atrium (small, low amounts of muscle) which sends blood (what kind?) through a valve into the Left Ventricle. And now we are back where we started!

More on the circulatory system and Homework for Saturday

Homework For Saturday:
Vital Signs Post Lab. Your data is under the Jan 8. Resource (Week 4) on your veracross website.

On Thursday we delved further into the circulatory system by comparing other types of organisms circulatory/respiratory systems to humans.

Worm: Through the skin, directly into bloodstream, 5 "hearts"
Cricket: Has a respiratory surface but no capillaries
Fish: Gills for gas exchange (high surface area) and into the capillaries from the gills, 2 chambered heart, and hey a fish DOES have 2 types of capillaries!

Raccoon: 4 chambers, lungs and circulatory system similar to humans

We looked at the connection between the respiratory system and the circulatory system (Where and Why are the connected?). We talked a bit about the excretory system as well (how we remove nitrogenous waste from our body).

We started to determine structure and function and the pathway of blood.
Left Ventricle - the most muscle (Can you answer why it needs this?), largest chamber, carries oxygenated blood (WHY?).
Aorta- The largest arteries. Why is it an artery? Where does it go?
Remember Aorta - systemic arteries (one of these is the carotid) ->systemic arterioles -> systemic capillaries (what type of blood do these have?)

We will continue to trace the path and talk about structure/function saturday, but in the mean time here is an abridged video of the path (what parts is it missing?)



We started talking about the make up of blood
Plasma - the liquid portion (why do you need a liquid?)
RBC -red blood cells (what do these do?)
WBC - white blood cells
Below is a link to a quick "game" on the circulatory system. Some questions we've gone over others are not as detailed, but feel free to try!
Circ. Game

Lab and Homework for Jan 10

Today in lab you measured your vital signs. The data will be on veracross in an excel file. For homework please complete the worksheet for the circulatory system gizmo (you can pick up a printed copy outside my office).

Gizmo site (www.explorelearning.com).  Please also try to do another question on your case study. I will answer the current ones today.

A new year, a new system!

Today we started on the circulatory system by taking a brief reading quiz. Based on this, you should review your notes from you textbook and add any additional ideas/thoughts you missed.  We started a list of organs and tissues involved in the circulatory system:

Blood (RBC, WBC, Plasma)
Heart (Ventricles, Atria (Plural for Atrium))
      Left Ventricle - most muscular, under high pressure, pumps blood to rest of body, largest chamber
      Right Atrium - smallest, less muscular, under low pressure
      we will discuss the others as we move on
Veins - carry blood to the heart! have valves so blood doesn't flow backwards, thinner and less muscular
Venuoles - small veins
Arteries - carry blood away from the heart, thick and muscular, no valves, under high pressure
Arterioles - small arteries
Capillaries -where gas exchange occurs

Homework for tonight: Read entire lab and answer questions on pages 1-5. Below is also a video about Blood Pressure

4 vital signs lab from lvilleDrFox

Saturday! Updates

Today we worked on our case studies and many of you are looking good in your diagnoses. Your reasoning is getting better with each question asked!

Your homework is to do another case study question (and watch the video if you've not already!). Remember you can start working on test revisions as well!

Homework for Saturday

Welcome Back!!  We will be starting the Circulatory System this week. Saturday we will work on Case Studies Saturday. Your homework is to watch the rest of the circulatory and respiratory video below (starting at 5:33).

Please read the following pages and take notes! 654, 655, 658, 659. (BIG HINT: take GOOD notes!)