Translation and Mutation ppt

Here is the translation and mutation part of your powerpoint slides from class. Please do read through/print them out.

Translation mutation ppt from lvilleDrFox

Thursday Translation continued

On Thursday you had a 5 minute quiz on the differences and similarities between transcription and translation. (make sure you can explain these)

Remember DNA (a gene)--->mRNA--->Protein--->Trait. Where does environment come into play?


You then drew the process of translation up on the board. Here are the steps of translation: Make sure you can explain the whole process!

1. mRNA exits the nucleus
2. mRNA goes to the ribosome (in the cytoplasm) and ribosome attaches to the mRNA
3. mRNA moves through the ribosome 1 codon at a time
4. tRNA comes in and reads codon, if the anticodon is the correct one (with the complementary bases) the amino acid gets added to the peptide chain (remember the first codon read will always be the start codon... what amino acid does this code for?)
5. The amino acids are covalently bound to each other (this is called a peptide bond)
6. Once the ribosome gets to the stop codon of the mRNA, this is the signal to stop translation.
7. The protein (peptide chain) is released from the ribosomes and tRNA
8. The protein is then folded in a 3 dimensional structure.

Think about the following questions:
Describe the process of translation
How does translation relate to making proteins?
Where does translation take place?
What is the result of translation?
What do proteins do?
How does this relate to "Is Biology Destiny?"

Also here is the correct video for the HHMI video of translation


Can you transcribe then translate the following sequence?
TAC CCG GTA TTA CAG TGG GAA TGA ATT

Tuesday - DNA extraction and Beginning Translation

Today we did the Strawberry DNA extraction. You should be able to answer the questions below!

1. What are the following used for?
             Strawberry (why can't we use another fruit?)
             Soap/Salt
             Ethanol

2. How is DNA organized in the Cell?

3. Why does the DNA tangle when we remove it from the nucleus?

Here is good video describing the experiment!



We also started discussing translation. In your groups you came up with a starting list of the process. Try to answer the questions below

1. What are the main molecules involved in translation?
2. What is mRNA translated into?
3. What are the building blocks of that molecule?
4. What are codons and anticodons?

If you did not like the crashcourse video here are a couple more!



 (start at 5:15)

Or the HHMI video

Don't forget your homework is to continue the gizmo and read the Timid Mice article (on Veracross)

Today we reviewed "What is a gene"

Made of DNA
Codes for a protein
Has a promoter (start sign for RNA Polymerase)
Has a Terminator (stop sign for RNA Polymerase)
Has Exons (coding region)
Has Introns ('junk' DNA)

Link for "what is a gene"

Remember! Not All genes are expressed (made into proteins!) at the same time/same cell) - we will discuss this more in translation.

We began to talk about the transition from Transcription to Translation with the process of RNA editing (processing).
After transcription, the splicesome removes the unneeded introns and then ligates (glues) the remaining exons back together. After this a guanine 5' cap is placed on the 5' end of the new mRNA along with a poly A tail at the 3' end of the complete mRNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and is ready to be translated into amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins!

We then discussed the sports gene article. Don't forget to review the 4 principles of natural selection!
Heredity
Variability
Selective Pressure
Differential survival and reproduction

This article plays into our question of the term! Is biology only destiny? Only environmental? or Both?

Finishing DNA replication and Homework For Thursday April 4th

Today we finished reviewing replication. You should be able to explain how and why it occurs. For thursday, please finish watching the video below and take notes. You should also read pgs 238-243 in your textbook and take notes.

Don't forget the Central Dogma

Gene---->Protein---->Trait

We will begin reviewing transcription and translation. Here is the Crashcourse video on both processes.

Here is a great video on the central dogma. It is a bit more detailed than we need but still a good one.